Switch between relative, absolute, and mixed references - Excel

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Switch between relative, absolute, and mixed references

Applies to: Microsoft Office Excel 2003

Select the cell that contains the formula.
In the formula bar (formula bar: A bar at the top of the Excel window that you use to enter or edit values or formulas in cells or charts. Displays the constant value or formula stored in the active cell.) , select the reference you want to change.
Press F4 to toggle through the combinations. The "Changes To" column reflects how a reference type updates if a formula containing the reference is copied two cells down and two cells to the right.

Formula being copied

Reference (Description)	Changes to
$A$1 (absolute (absolute cell reference: In a formula, the exact address of a cell, regardless of the position of the cell that contains the formula. An absolute cell reference takes the form $A$1.) column and absolute row)	$A$1
A$1 (relative (relative reference: In a formula, the address of a cell based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell referred to. If you copy the formula, the reference automatically adjusts. A relative reference takes the form A1.) column and absolute row)	C$1
$A1 (absolute column and relative row)	$A3
A1 (relative column and relative row)	C3