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Home > Products > Excel > Excel 2003 Help and How-to > Working with Data > Function Reference > Math Functions

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ROMAN

Applies to: Microsoft Office Excel 2003

Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text.

Syntax

ROMAN(number,form)

Number is the Arabic numeral you want converted.

Form is a number specifying the type of roman numeral you want. The roman numeral style ranges from Classic to Simplified, becoming more concise as the value of form increases. See the example following ROMAN(499,0) below.

Form	Type
0 or omitted	Classic.
1	More concise. See example below.
2	More concise. See example below.
3	More concise. See example below.
4	Simplified.
TRUE	Classic.
FALSE	Simplified.

Remarks

If number is negative, the #VALUE! error value is returned.
If number is greater than 3999, the #VALUE! error value is returned.

Example

The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.

Show How to copy an example

Create a blank workbook or worksheet.
Select the example in the Help topic.
Note Do not select the row or column headers.

Selecting an example from Help
Press CTRL+C.
In the worksheet, select cell A1, and press CTRL+V.
To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results, press CTRL+` (grave accent), or on the Tools menu, point to Formula Auditing, and then click Formula Auditing Mode.

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A	B
Formula	Description (Result)
=ROMAN(499,0)	Classic roman numeral style for 499 (CDXCIX)
=ROMAN(499,1)	More concise version for 499 (LDVLIV)
=ROMAN(499,2)	More concise version for 499 (XDIX)
=ROMAN(499,3)	More concise version for 499 (VDIV)
=ROMAN(499,4)	More concise version for 499 (ID)
=ROMAN(2013,0)	Classic roman numeral style for 2013 (MMXIII)